1) Genes are DNA. (Structure of B-DNA. DNA is a double helix. Nucleic acids hybridize by
base pairing. Supercoiling affects the structure of DNA)
2) The interrupted Gene (exon, intron, exons are conserved)
3) Messenger (mRNA) and Transfer RNA (tRNA) (The Central Dogma of Molecular
Biology, mRNA life cycle. monocistronic, polycistronic, the cloverleaf secondary
structure, specific base modifications)
4) Protein synthesis: The ribosome (structure, initiation stage, elongation stage and
termination stage, the translation factors)
5) The Genetic Code (structure, origin, wobble hypothesis, mutations)
6) Transcription (bacterial RNA polymerase, promoter, sigma factors)
7) The operon (positive or negative regulation, the lac operon, the E. coli tryptophan
operon is controlled by attenuation, autogenous regulation).
8) Regulatory RNAs. miRNAs and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in
eukaryotes
9) The replicon (replication fork, origin of replication)
10) DNA replication is a complex process (the replication machinery, DNA polymerase,
primase, ligase, methylation)
11) Chromosomes (the bacterial genome, euchromatin, heterochromatin, banding
patterns)
12) Nucleosomes ((DNA is coiled in arrays of nucleosomes , the histone octamer,
histone variants, the chromatin fiber, transcription)
13) Promoters utilized by RNA polymerase II (promoter elements, enhancers, silencers,
CG islands)
14) RNA splicing and processing πο(RNA splicing, alternative splicing, the spliceosome,
eukaryotic mRNA is modified, polyadenylation, 5-capping)
1. Genes VIII, Lewin B Jones &Bartlett Publishers
2. The Cell, A Molecular Approach, 5th Edition, G.M. Cooper and R.E. Hausman, Eds, 2009, Sinauer
Assosciates, Inc. Publishing, USA
3. Principles of Molecular Biology, B.E Tropp, 2014, Jones and Bartlett Learning, LCC
-Συναφή επιστημονικά περιοδικά:
Nature, Science, Cell, Plant Molecular Biology, The Plant Cell, Gene, PNAS USA, Molecular Cell Biology
Current Biology , Plant Journal, New Phytologist, Molecular Plant, eLife, Nature Plants, Plants,
Developmental Cell, J. Experimental Botany, Trends in Plant Science, EMBO J
