The course provides advanced training and in-depth knowledge of the principles of Circular Biotechnology, Circular Bioeconomy, and the utilization of waste for the production of bioproducts and energy. The curriculum outlines the stages and processes involved in a biorefinery based on renewable raw materials, with a particular focus on the role of enzymes and microorganisms. Students acquire specialized knowledge in the production of biofuels and bioplastics/biopolymers, as well as the "green" degradation of conventional plastics and enzymatic processes for carbon dioxide capture and utilization. Additionally, the course explores fermentation processes for the valorization of organic waste, such as anaerobic digestion and composting.